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Posts: 606
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Okay, I'm trying to create a program to get a sprite moving. I've got a problem. The sprite draws perfectly fine, and I tested keyboard input successfuly by programming it to exit if the X key was pressed. Anyway, the thing is that my sprite draws, but it doesn't respond when I try to move it. It's very frustrating. The sprite is 103 pixels wide and 91 pixels tall. Here's my code. I'm using Microsoft Visual C# and XNA.
Game1.cs
Code: using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
/// <summary>
/// This is the main type for your game
/// </summary>
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
Wizard mWizardSprite;
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
/// <summary>
/// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run.
/// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic
/// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components
/// and initialize them as well.
/// </summary>
protected override void Initialize()
{
// TODO: Add your initialization logic here
mWizardSprite = new Wizard();
base.Initialize();
}
/// <summary>
/// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load
/// all of your content.
/// </summary>
protected override void LoadContent()
{
// Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures.
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
// TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here
mWizardSprite.LoadContent(this.Content, "stand2_0");
}
/// <summary>
/// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload
/// all content.
/// </summary>
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
// TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here
}
/// <summary>
/// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world,
/// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
// Allows the game to exit
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.X) == true)
this.Exit();
// TODO: Add your update logic here
base.Update(gameTime);
}
/// <summary>
/// This is called when the game should draw itself.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);
// TODO: Add your drawing code here
spriteBatch.Begin();
mWizardSprite.Draw(this.spriteBatch);
spriteBatch.End();
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
Wizard.cs
Code: using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
class Wizard : Sprite
{
const string WIZARD_ASSETNAME = "stand2_0"; const int START_POSITION_X = 103;
const int START_POSITION_Y = 91;
const int WIZARD_SPEED = 160;
const int MOVE_UP = -1;
const int MOVE_DOWN = 1;
const int MOVE_LEFT = -1;
const int MOVE_RIGHT = 1;
enum State
{
Walking
}
State mCurrentState = State.Walking;
Vector2 mDirection = Vector2.Zero;
Vector2 mSpeed = Vector2.Zero;
KeyboardState mPreviousKeyboardState;
public void LoadContent(ContentManager theContentManager)
{
Position = new Vector2(START_POSITION_X, START_POSITION_Y);
base.LoadContent(theContentManager, WIZARD_ASSETNAME);
}
public void Update(GameTime theGameTime)
{
KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
UpdateMovement(aCurrentKeyboardState);
mPreviousKeyboardState = aCurrentKeyboardState;
base.Update(theGameTime, mSpeed, mDirection);
}
private void UpdateMovement(KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
if (mCurrentState == State.Walking)
{
mSpeed = Vector2.Zero;
mDirection = Vector2.Zero;
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) == true)
{
mSpeed.X = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.X = MOVE_LEFT;
}
else if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) == true)
{
mSpeed.X = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.X = MOVE_RIGHT;
}
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up) == true)
{
mSpeed.Y = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.Y = MOVE_UP;
}
else if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down) == true)
{
mSpeed.Y = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.Y = MOVE_DOWN;
}
}
}
}
}
Sprite.cs
Code: using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
class Sprite
{
//The asset name for the Sprite's Texture
public string AssetName;
//The Size of the Sprite (with scale applied)
public Rectangle Size;
//The amount to increase/decrease the size of the original sprite.
private float mScale = 1.0f;
//The current position of the Sprite
public Vector2 Position = new Vector2(0,0);
//The texture object used when drawing the sprite
private Texture2D mSpriteTexture;
//When the scale is modified through the property, the Size of the
//sprite is recalculated with the new scale applied.
public float Scale
{
get { return mScale; }
set
{
mScale = value;
//Recalculate the Size of the Sprite with the new scale
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(mSpriteTexture.Width * Scale), (int)(mSpriteTexture.Height * Scale));
}
}
//Load the texture for the sprite using the Content Pipeline
public void LoadContent(ContentManager theContentManager, string theAssetName)
{
mSpriteTexture = theContentManager.Load<Texture2D>(theAssetName);
AssetName = theAssetName;
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(mSpriteTexture.Width * Scale), (int)(mSpriteTexture.Height * Scale));
}
//Update the Sprite and change its position based on the passed in speed, direction and elapsed time.
public void Update(GameTime theGameTime, Vector2 theSpeed, Vector2 theDirection)
{
Position += theDirection * theSpeed * (float)theGameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;
}
//Draw the sprite to the screen
public void Draw(SpriteBatch theSpriteBatch)
{
theSpriteBatch.Draw(mSpriteTexture, Position,
new Rectangle(0, 0, mSpriteTexture.Width, mSpriteTexture.Height),
Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0);
}
}
}
Can anyone help?
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You need to add Wizard.Update to Game1.Update.
The only two functions that are called in every frame are Game1.Update and Game1.Draw, so you need to put Wizard.Update in at least one of them.
Senior Member
Posts: 606
Threads: 67
Joined: 2010-11
Oh! It works! Thanks!
I have a question, though; the tutorial that provided the instructions for this asked me to define Wizard as mWizardSprite under the public class.
Would I suffer any future repercussions if I'd instead defined Wizard as Wizard? I tried replacing all instances of mWizardSprite in the code with Wizard, and it worked just as well. But are there any underlying, currently invisible factors that I would wind up changing that could affect future programming? Or is mWizardSprite just another usable name?
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If it lets you set that name, there shouldn't be any problem using it.
Did you mean you define Wizard as wizard like:
public Wizard wizard;
Senior Member
Posts: 606
Threads: 67
Joined: 2010-11
Currently it looks like this in Game1.cs:
Code: public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
Wizard mWizardSprite;
I swapped it with:
Code: public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
Wizard Wizard;
And then just went on to replace every other instance of 'mWizardSprite' with 'Wizard'. It works perfectly fine.
However, when I change the definition back to Wizard mWizardSprite (only the definition, leaving everything else as Wizard), the intialize method says that there's a problem. Apparently 'WindowsGame11.Wizard' is a 'type' but is used like a 'variable'. What does this error mean?
I know how to solve it (I have to change all the corresponding commands (that referred to Wizard) to instead refer to mWizardSprite once again since I changed the definition back) but I don't understand what C# is trying to tell me is happening in its error message. I googled the error message, but still am not sure what it's supposed to mean. The error message occurs in the following line of coding:
Code: protected override void Initialize()
{
// TODO: Add your initialization logic here
mWizardSprite = new Wizard();
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It means you're trying to use Data type (int, String, etc) to interact with something else
Example:
Code: int = 2;//This will cause that error
int x = 2;//This will not.
This is what the program understands. Change every Wizard that's in the wrong place for Data type with mWizardSprite and try again.
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That kind of error is a reason not to make the variable and class name the same - the compiler has to figure out which one you mean from context, and it'll be that much harder to locate errors when they occur, cause you won't know which to search forr.
Senior Member
Posts: 606
Threads: 67
Joined: 2010-11
Okay, I was trying to make my sprite bend down/duck. I got a working but dissatisfactory result; the sprite changes, but rather than crouching, it flies into the air in a crouching motion.
I know why this happens. I placed my ducking sprite in the top right-hand corner of the picture, so when the picture draws, the sprite ends up in the top right-hand corner. Not wanting to adjust it using paint, I tried remedying this by using 'if'. Needless to say it failed miserably. The computer suddenly found problems everywhere, even in code and classes I hadn't touched.
Problem Version of Sprite.cs
Code: using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
//testing crackpot solution
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
class Sprite
{
//The Rectangular area from the original image that
//defines the Sprite.
Rectangle mSource;
public Rectangle Source
{
get
{
return mSource;
}
set
{
mSource = value;
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(mSource.Width * Scale), (int)(mSource.Height * Scale));
}
}
//The asset name for the Sprite's Texture
public string AssetName;
//The Size of the Sprite (with scale applied)
public Rectangle Size;
//The amount to increase/decrease the size of the original sprite.
private float mScale = 1.0f;
//The current position of the Sprite
public Vector2 Position = new Vector2(0, 0);
//The texture object used when drawing the sprite
private Texture2D mSpriteTexture;
//crackpot SOLUTION
KeyboardState mPreviousKeyboardState;
//crackpot SOLUTION
public void Update(GameTime theGameTime)
{
KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
Scale(aCurrentKeyboardState);
mPreviousKeyboardState = aCurrentKeyboardState;
}
//When the scale is modified through he property, the Size of the
//sprite is recalculated with the new scale applied.
public float Scale(KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
get { return mScale; }
set
{
mScale = value;
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.RightShift) == true)
{
//Recalculate the Size of the Sprite with the new scale
Size = new Rectangle(92, 45, (int)(Source.Width * Scale), (int)(Source.Height * Scale));
}
else
{
//Recalculate the Size of the Sprite with the new scale
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(Source.Width * Scale), (int)(Source.Height * Scale));
}
}
}
//Load the texture for the sprite using the Content Pipeline
public void LoadContent(ContentManager theContentManager, string theAssetName, KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
mSpriteTexture = theContentManager.Load<Texture2D>(theAssetName);
AssetName = theAssetName;
Source = new Rectangle(0, 0, mSpriteTexture.Width, mSpriteTexture.Height);
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.RightShift) == true)
{
Size = new Rectangle(92, 45, (int)(mSpriteTexture.Width * Scale), (int)(mSpriteTexture.Height * Scale));
}
else
{
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(mSpriteTexture.Width * Scale), (int)(mSpriteTexture.Height * Scale));
}
}
//Update the Sprite and change its position based on the passed in speed, direction and elapsed time.
public void Update(GameTime theGameTime, Vector2 theSpeed, Vector2 theDirection)
{
Position += theDirection * theSpeed * (float)theGameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;
}
//Draw the sprite to the screen
public void Draw(SpriteBatch theSpriteBatch)
{
theSpriteBatch.Draw(mSpriteTexture, Position, Source,
Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0);
}
}
}
The list of errors that suddenly popped up included operator * cannot be applied to opreands of type int and method group and several others. Lots of things also spontaneously failed to exist in the current context, and ;s are suddenly needed when they never were before. If I add the ; as instructed, then the problem remains and extra problems pop up elsewhere.
What I want to know is why the if method doesn't work. Since it doesn't work, what would work?
Original version of sprite.cs
Code: using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
class Sprite
{
//The Rectangular area from the original image that
//defines the Sprite.
Rectangle mSource;
public Rectangle Source
{
get
{
return mSource;
}
set
{
mSource = value;
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(mSource.Width * Scale), (int)(mSource.Height * Scale));
}
}
//The asset name for the Sprite's Texture
public string AssetName;
//The Size of the Sprite (with scale applied)
public Rectangle Size;
//The amount to increase/decrease the size of the original sprite.
private float mScale = 1.0f;
//The current position of the Sprite
public Vector2 Position = new Vector2(0,0);
//The texture object used when drawing the sprite
private Texture2D mSpriteTexture;
//When the scale is modified through he property, the Size of the
//sprite is recalculated with the new scale applied.
public float Scale
{
get { return mScale; }
set
{
mScale = value;
//Recalculate the Size of the Sprite with the new scale
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(Source.Width * Scale), (int)(Source.Height * Scale));
}
}
//Load the texture for the sprite using the Content Pipeline
public void LoadContent(ContentManager theContentManager, string theAssetName)
{
mSpriteTexture = theContentManager.Load<Texture2D>(theAssetName);
AssetName = theAssetName;
Source = new Rectangle(0, 0, mSpriteTexture.Width, mSpriteTexture.Height);
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(mSpriteTexture.Width * Scale), (int)(mSpriteTexture.Height * Scale));
}
//Update the Sprite and change its position based on the passed in speed, direction and elapsed time.
public void Update(GameTime theGameTime, Vector2 theSpeed, Vector2 theDirection)
{
Position += theDirection * theSpeed * (float)theGameTime.ElapsedGameTime.TotalSeconds;
}
//Draw the sprite to the screen
public void Draw(SpriteBatch theSpriteBatch)
{
theSpriteBatch.Draw(mSpriteTexture, Position, Source,
Color.White, 0.0f, Vector2.Zero, Scale, SpriteEffects.None, 0);
}
}
}
Wizard.cs
Code: using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Storage;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
class Wizard : Sprite
{
const string WIZARD_ASSETNAME = "stand2_0"; const int START_POSITION_X = 0;
const int START_POSITION_Y = 0;
const int WIZARD_SPEED = 160;
const int MOVE_UP = -1;
const int MOVE_DOWN = 1;
const int MOVE_LEFT = -1;
const int MOVE_RIGHT = 1;
enum State
{
Walking,
Jumping,
Ducking
}
//two instances of the following line will cause an ambiguity error.
State mCurrentState = State.Walking;
Vector2 mStartingPosition = Vector2.Zero;
Vector2 mDirection = Vector2.Zero;
Vector2 mSpeed = Vector2.Zero;
KeyboardState mPreviousKeyboardState;
//You'll notice we set the SourceRectangle after LoadContent in the base sprite class is called.
//We need to do it in that order since the base Sprite class also sets Source and we don't want it to override ours.
public void LoadContent(ContentManager theContentManager)
{
Position = new Vector2(START_POSITION_X, START_POSITION_Y);
base.LoadContent(theContentManager, WIZARD_ASSETNAME);
Source = new Rectangle(0, 0, 106, Source.Height);
}
public void Update(GameTime theGameTime)
{
KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
UpdateMovement(aCurrentKeyboardState);
UpdateJump(aCurrentKeyboardState);
UpdateDuck(aCurrentKeyboardState);
mPreviousKeyboardState = aCurrentKeyboardState;
base.Update(theGameTime, mSpeed, mDirection);
}
private void UpdateJump(KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
if (mCurrentState == State.Walking)
{
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) == true && mPreviousKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space) == false)
{ Jump();
}
}
if (mCurrentState == State.Jumping)
{
if (mStartingPosition.Y - Position.Y > 150)
{
mDirection.Y = MOVE_DOWN;
}
if (Position.Y > mStartingPosition.Y)
{
Position.Y = mStartingPosition.Y;
mCurrentState = State.Walking;
mDirection = Vector2.Zero;
}
}
}
public void UpdateDuck(KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.RightShift) == true)
{
Duck();
}
else
{
StopDucking();
}
}
public void Duck()
{
if (mCurrentState == State.Walking)
{
mSpeed = Vector2.Zero;
mDirection = Vector2.Zero;
Source = new Rectangle(106, 0, 149, 61);
mCurrentState = State.Ducking;
}
}
private void StopDucking()
{
if (mCurrentState == State.Ducking)
{
Source = new Rectangle(0, 0, 106, 93);
mCurrentState = State.Walking;
}
}
private void UpdateMovement(KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
if (mCurrentState == State.Walking)
{
mSpeed = Vector2.Zero;
mDirection = Vector2.Zero;
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Left) == true)
{
mSpeed.X = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.X = MOVE_LEFT;
}
else if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Right) == true)
{
mSpeed.X = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.X = MOVE_RIGHT;
}
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Up) == true)
{
mSpeed.Y = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.Y = MOVE_UP;
}
else if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.Down) == true)
{
mSpeed.Y = WIZARD_SPEED;
mDirection.Y = MOVE_DOWN;
}
}
}
private void Jump()
{
if (mCurrentState != State.Jumping)
{
mCurrentState = State.Jumping;
mStartingPosition = Position;
mDirection.Y = MOVE_UP;
mSpeed = new Vector2(WIZARD_SPEED, WIZARD_SPEED);
}
}
}
}
Game1.cs
Code: using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Audio;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.GamerServices;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Input;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Media;
namespace WindowsGame11
{
/// <summary>
/// This is the main type for your game
/// </summary>
public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game
{
GraphicsDeviceManager graphics;
SpriteBatch spriteBatch;
Wizard Wizard;
public Game1()
{
graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this);
Content.RootDirectory = "Content";
}
/// <summary>
/// Allows the game to perform any initialization it needs to before starting to run.
/// This is where it can query for any required services and load any non-graphic
/// related content. Calling base.Initialize will enumerate through any components
/// and initialize them as well.
/// </summary>
protected override void Initialize()
{
// TODO: Add your initialization logic here
Wizard = new Wizard();
base.Initialize();
}
/// <summary>
/// LoadContent will be called once per game and is the place to load
/// all of your content.
/// </summary>
protected override void LoadContent()
{
// Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures.
spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice);
// TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here
Wizard.LoadContent(this.Content);
}
/// <summary>
/// UnloadContent will be called once per game and is the place to unload
/// all content.
/// </summary>
protected override void UnloadContent()
{
// TODO: Unload any non ContentManager content here
}
/// <summary>
/// Allows the game to run logic such as updating the world,
/// checking for collisions, gathering input, and playing audio.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
protected override void Update(GameTime gameTime)
{
KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState = Keyboard.GetState();
// Allows the game to exit
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.X) == true)
this.Exit();
// TODO: Add your update logic here
Wizard.Update(gameTime);
}
/// <summary>
/// This is called when the game should draw itself.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="gameTime">Provides a snapshot of timing values.</param>
protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime)
{
GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue);
// TODO: Add your drawing code here
spriteBatch.Begin();
Wizard.Draw(this.spriteBatch);
spriteBatch.End();
base.Draw(gameTime);
}
}
}
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I suggest you learn to program in general before trying to learn game programming. Your problems are stemming from a lack of understanding of C#.
Quote:Code: //When the scale is modified through he property, the Size of the
//sprite is recalculated with the new scale applied.
public float Scale(KeyboardState aCurrentKeyboardState)
{
get { return mScale; }
set
{
mScale = value;
if (aCurrentKeyboardState.IsKeyDown(Keys.RightShift) == true)
{
//Recalculate the Size of the Sprite with the new scale
Size = new Rectangle(92, 45, (int)(Source.Width * Scale), (int)(Source.Height * Scale));
}
else
{
//Recalculate the Size of the Sprite with the new scale
Size = new Rectangle(0, 0, (int)(Source.Width * Scale), (int)(Source.Height * Scale));
}
}
}
In C#, properties cannot take parameters like aCurrentKeyboardState. If you want to be able to get and set something but want the set to take parameters, you could have two methods, GetScale() and SetScale(KeyboardState keyboardState).
Quote:That kind of error is a reason not to make the variable and class name the same - the compiler has to figure out which one you mean from context, and it'll be that much harder to locate errors when they occur, cause you won't know which to search forr.
It's quite common in C# to name a property the same as the class it returns. It doesn't make it any harder to locate errors and it's much better than naming your property TheThing instead of Thing just to avoid that.
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